Work in progress

This review is still in progress. Some claims have not yet been verified, and the results are not yet complete.

Research review · López de Prado

López de Prado, Reproduction & Review

A from-scratch reproduction and at-scale extension of Marcos López de Prado's methods across crypto, US equities and forex, every empirical claim gated by the Deflated Sharpe Ratio

This is a reproduction-and-extension program built from scratch around the methods in Marcos López de Prado's Advances in Financial Machine Learning and the surrounding papers, information-driven bars, fractional differentiation, financial labeling and cross-validation, ensembles and feature importance, portfolio construction, causal factors, predictive features, and bet sizing. Each study reproduces the original claim on a controlled benchmark, then re-runs it at scale on real, fully-costed, no-look-ahead data spanning crypto, US equities and forex, with every empirical headline gated by the Deflated Sharpe Ratio.

The honest through-line is simple: almost nothing clears deflated significance anywhere , which is precisely López de Prado's thesis, while several of his methodological claims reproduce cleanly: the activity clock really does thin the tails, fractional differencing really does keep the memory, bagging really does generalize where boosting does not, and a confounder really can manufacture a factor out of nothing. These are methodology results, not money results, and they are framed that way throughout.

Code & data

github.com/DaruFinance/lopez-de-prado-work-review

12 studies · 3 asset classes

Every claim deflated

real, fully-costed, no-look-ahead data

The studies

datafeatmodeltestgate
assembly line · separable roles → disclosure gate
Capstone

Meta-Strategy Organization

The assembly-line model, specialized, separable research roles plus mandatory disclosure of every trial, as the structural antidote to the lone-quant backtest search.

DSRSR*
E[max SR] null · best < DSR threshold
study 01

Backtest Overfitting & the Deflated Sharpe Ratio

Across ~92,500 real strategies in crypto, equities and forex, the best beats its multiple-testing null in none.

fat tails → Gaussian · activity clock
study 02

Information-Driven Bars

Dollar / volume / tick bars Gaussianize returns in all three markets, granularity-dependent, and equities need session handling.

0.00.51.00.98FFD0.01ret
corr w/ price level · FFD vs returns
study 03

Fractional Differentiation

Fixed-width fractional differencing keeps ~0.98 correlation with the price level, versus ~0.01 for plain returns.

testtrainpurge
purged + embargoed k-fold
study 04

Labeling & Cross-Validation

k-fold leakage scales with the ratio of label horizon to fold size; meta-labeling is a precision filter, not alpha.

cost + DSR
feature signal < cost + deflation
study 05

Predictive Features

Structural-break / entropy / microstructure features carry weak signal that doesn't survive cost + deflation; a cheap proxy matches expensive order-flow data.

OOSbagboost4.8×
generalization · bagging ≈ 4.8× boosting
study 06

Ensembles & Feature Importance

Bagging generalizes ~4.8× better than boosting on 100% of 40 instruments; MDI is substitution-biased, MDA isn't.

−θ
OU mean-reversion · entry / exit bands
study 07

Trading Rules & Bet Sizing

Bet sizing cuts turnover 80–87% but adds no deflated edge; Triple-Penance AR(1) drawdown control is the validated win.

HRP dendrogram · block-diagonal corr
study 08

Portfolio Construction: HRP, NCO & Denoising

HRP / NCO beat raw Markowitz on out-of-sample variance; denoising's value is a function of q = T/N.

ZXY
confounder fork · backdoor X ← Z → Y
study 09

Causal Factor Investing

A confounder makes a null factor look significant 100% of the time; backdoor adjustment fixes it, and few real factors survive.

toverlap
overlapping labels · uniqueness weights
study 10

Sample Uniqueness & Sequential Bootstrap

Overlapping triple-barrier labels make observations non-IID; uniqueness weighting and sequential bootstrap restore the effective sample size before training.

DSR0single10/10x-sect
DSR: single-series 0 · x-section 10/10
study 11

Cross-Sectional ML

Trees clear deflation in the cross-section where single-series ML fails: lgbm survives the Deflated Sharpe on 10 of 10 horizons, the program's first DSR-surviving ML edge, approaching but not beating the best static archetype.

The selection-discipline theme that runs through this program is the same one behind The edge is in the process and the broader body of work at Research.

López de Prado, Reproduction & Review | Daru Finance